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    <span>
      <i class="fa fa-calendar"></i>2019-06-18
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        | <a href="/blog/categories/linux/"><i class="fa fa-bookmark"></i>linux</a>
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        | <i class="fa fa-unlock-alt"></i>UNLOCK
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  <h1 class="passage-title">
    Linux常用命令
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  <article class="passage-article">
    <h4 id="touch"><a href="#touch" class="headerlink" title="touch"></a>touch</h4><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">touch *** # 创建空文件</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h4 id="find"><a href="#find" class="headerlink" title="find"></a>find</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">find命令使用</span><br><span class="line">使用格式：find [指定查找目录] [查找规则] [查找完后的action]</span><br><span class="line">根据文件名查找</span><br><span class="line">	* </span><br><span class="line">-name 根据文件名查找 精确</span><br><span class="line">	* </span><br><span class="line">-iname 根据文件名查找，不区分大小写 “*” 通配所有字符；“?”通配单个字符</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h4 id="more"><a href="#more" class="headerlink" title="more"></a>more</h4><p>空白键：space-&gt;下一页显示<br>按b键就会往回显示一页</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[root@localhost logs]$ more -h</span><br><span class="line">more: 未知选项 -h</span><br><span class="line">用法：more [选项] 文件...</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">选项：</span><br><span class="line">  -d        显示帮助，而不是响铃</span><br><span class="line">  -f        统计逻辑行数而不是屏幕行数</span><br><span class="line">  -l        抑制换页(form feed)后的暂停</span><br><span class="line">  -p        不滚屏，清屏并显示文本</span><br><span class="line">  -c        不滚屏，显示文本并清理行尾</span><br><span class="line">  -u        抑制下划线</span><br><span class="line">  -s        将多个空行压缩为一行</span><br><span class="line">  -NUM      指定每屏显示的行数为 NUM</span><br><span class="line">  +NUM      从文件第 NUM 行开始显示</span><br><span class="line">  +/STRING  从匹配搜索字符串 STRING 的文件位置开始显示</span><br><span class="line">  -V        输出版本信息并退出</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h4 id="常用操作命令"><a href="#常用操作命令" class="headerlink" title="常用操作命令"></a>常用操作命令</h4><ul>
<li>Enter 向下n行，需要定义。默认为1行</li>
<li>Ctrl+F 向下滚动一屏空格键 向下滚动一屏</li>
<li>Ctrl+B 返回上一屏</li>
<li>= 输出当前行的行号</li>
<li>：f 输出文件名和当前行的行号</li>
<li>V 调用vi编辑器</li>
<li>!命令 调用Shell，并执行命令</li>
<li>q 退出<h4 id="编辑器"><a href="#编辑器" class="headerlink" title="编辑器"></a>编辑器</h4></li>
<li>more</li>
<li>less：</li>
<li>vi/vim</li>
<li>tail</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="系统管理命令"><a href="#系统管理命令" class="headerlink" title="系统管理命令"></a>系统管理命令</h4><ul>
<li>stat 显示指定文件的详细信息，比ls更详细</li>
<li>who 显示在线登陆用户whoami 显示当前操作用户</li>
<li>hostname 显示主机名</li>
<li>uname 显示系统信息</li>
<li>top 动态显示当前小号资源最多进程信息p</li>
<li>s 显示瞬间进程状态 </li>
<li>ps -auxdu 查看目录大小 </li>
<li>du -h /home 带有单位显示目录信息</li>
<li>df 显示磁盘大小 </li>
<li>df -h 带有单位显示磁盘信息</li>
<li>ifconfig 查看网络情况</li>
<li>ping 测试网络连通</li>
<li>netstat 显示网络状态信息</li>
<li>man 查看某个命令的使用方法 </li>
<li>man lsclear 清屏</li>
<li>alias 对命令重命名 </li>
<li>alias showmeit=“ps -aux” 另外解除使用unaliax showmeit</li>
<li>kill 杀死进程，可以先用ps或top命令查看进程id，然后再用kill命令杀死进程。</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="打包压缩相关命令"><a href="#打包压缩相关命令" class="headerlink" title="打包压缩相关命令"></a>打包压缩相关命令</h4><ul>
<li>gizp</li>
<li>bzip2</li>
<li>tar : 打包压缩</li>
<li>-c 归档文件</li>
<li>-x 压缩文件</li>
<li>-z gizp压缩文件</li>
<li>-j bzip2压缩文件</li>
<li>-v 显示压缩或解压缩过程 v(view)</li>
<li>-f 使用档名<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span>例：</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span>压缩：</span><br><span class="line">tar -cvf /home/***.tar /home/目录 只打包不压缩</span><br><span class="line">tar -zcvf /home/***.tar.gz /home/目录 打包,并用gzip压缩</span><br><span class="line">tar -jcvf /home/***.tar.bz2 /home/目录 打包，并用bzip2压缩</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span>解压缩：</span><br><span class="line">tar -xvf /tar -zxvf / tar -jxvf</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="关机-重启机器"><a href="#关机-重启机器" class="headerlink" title="关机/重启机器"></a>关机/重启机器</h4><p>shutdown<br>-r 关机重启<br>-h 关机不重启<br>now 立刻关机<br>halt 关机<br>reboot 重启</p>
<h4 id="vim使用"><a href="#vim使用" class="headerlink" title="vim使用"></a>vim使用</h4><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">vim三种模式：命令模式、插入模式、编辑模式。使用ESC或i或：来切换模式。</span><br><span class="line">命令模式下：</span><br><span class="line">:q 退出</span><br><span class="line">:q! 强制退出</span><br><span class="line">:wq 保存并退出</span><br><span class="line">:<span class="built_in">set</span> num 显示行号</span><br><span class="line">:<span class="built_in">set</span> nonumber 隐藏行号</span><br><span class="line">/apache 在文档中查找apache 按n跳到下一个，<span class="built_in">shift</span>+n上一个</span><br><span class="line">yyp 复制光标所在行，并粘贴</span><br><span class="line">h(左移一个字符←)、j(下一行↓)、k(上一行↑)、l(右移一个字符→)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h4 id="用户及用户组管理"><a href="#用户及用户组管理" class="headerlink" title="用户及用户组管理"></a>用户及用户组管理</h4><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">/etc/passwd 存储用户账号</span><br><span class="line">/etc/group 存储组账号</span><br><span class="line">/etc/shadow 存储用户账号的密码</span><br><span class="line">/etc/gshadow 存储用户组账号的密码</span><br><span class="line">useradd 用户名</span><br><span class="line">userdel 用户名</span><br><span class="line">adduser 用户名</span><br><span class="line">groupadd 组名</span><br><span class="line">groupdel 组名</span><br><span class="line">passwd root 给root设置密码</span><br><span class="line">su root</span><br><span class="line">su - root</span><br><span class="line">/etc/profile 系统环境变量</span><br><span class="line">bash_profile 用户环境变量</span><br><span class="line">.bashrc 用户环境变量</span><br><span class="line">su user 切换用户，加载配置文件.bashrc</span><br><span class="line">su - user 切换用户，加载配置文件/etc/profile ，加载bash_profile</span><br><span class="line">#更改文件的用户及用户组</span><br><span class="line">sudo chown [-R] owner[:group] &#123;File|Directory&#125;</span><br><span class="line">#例如：还以jdk-7u21-linux-i586.tar.gz为例。属于用户hadoop，组hadoop</span><br><span class="line">#要想切换此文件所属的用户及组。可以使用命令。</span><br><span class="line">sudo chown root:root jdk-7u21-linux-i586.tar.gz</span><br><span class="line">#更改权限</span><br><span class="line">sudo chmod [u所属用户 g所属组 o其他用户 a所有用户] [+增加权限 -减少权限] [r w x] 目录名</span><br><span class="line">#例如：有一个文件filename，权限为“-rw-r----x” ,将权限值改为&quot;-rwxrw-r-x&quot;，用数值表示为765</span><br><span class="line">sudo chmod u+x g+w o+r filename</span><br><span class="line">#上面的例子可以用数值表示</span><br><span class="line">sudo chmod 765 filename</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h4 id="三种基本权限"><a href="#三种基本权限" class="headerlink" title="三种基本权限"></a>三种基本权限</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span><span class="bash"> 读 数值表示为4</span></span><br><span class="line">R </span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span><span class="bash"> 写 数值表示为2</span></span><br><span class="line">W </span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span><span class="bash"> 可执行 数值表示为1</span></span><br><span class="line">X </span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span><span class="bash">改变文件的所属群组群 </span></span><br><span class="line">chgrp</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span><span class="bash">改变文件拥有者 </span></span><br><span class="line">chown</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span><span class="bash">改变文件权限 </span></span><br><span class="line">chmod</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span><span class="bash">修改linux环境编码方式</span></span><br><span class="line">echo $LANG #查看字符集LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8 修改字符集9.修改日期</span><br><span class="line">date -s ''</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span><span class="bash">如果要生效所有的会话时间</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span><span class="bash">记得修改之后输入clock w</span></span><br><span class="line">cal 显示日期</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h4 id="重要的几个热键"><a href="#重要的几个热键" class="headerlink" title="重要的几个热键"></a>重要的几个热键</h4><p>Tab 具有补全</p>
<h4 id="文件结构"><a href="#文件结构" class="headerlink" title="文件结构"></a>文件结构</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">/bin User Binaries 用户的二进制文件</span><br><span class="line">/boot Boot Loader Files 引导加载程序文件</span><br><span class="line">/dev Device Files 设备文件</span><br><span class="line">/etc Configuration Files 配置文件</span><br><span class="line">/home Home Directories/media Removable Devices 可移动媒体设备</span><br><span class="line">/mnt Monut Directory 挂载项目</span><br><span class="line">/lib System Libraries 系统库</span><br><span class="line">/lib64/opt Optional add-on-Apps 可选的附加应用程序</span><br><span class="line">/sbin System Binaries 系统二进制文件</span><br><span class="line">/srv 服务数据/sys/proc Process Information 进程信息</span><br><span class="line">/usr User Programs 用户程序/tmp Temporary Files 临时文件</span><br><span class="line">/var Variable Files 变量文件</span><br><span class="line">/etc/sysconfig/network-scriptsipconf-envo1yes</span><br><span class="line">systemctl restart network;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h4 id="SCP"><a href="#SCP" class="headerlink" title="SCP"></a>SCP</h4><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">scp -r file username@ip:/pwd</span><br><span class="line">scp -r file username@hostname:/pwd</span><br><span class="line">scp -P port file username@ip:/pwd安装快捷上传或下载命令 此命令只适合小文件上传RPM命令</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h4 id="RPM"><a href="#RPM" class="headerlink" title="RPM"></a>RPM</h4><p>1.安装rpm -ivh      软件包名<br>2.查询rpm -qa 所有已经安装的软件包rpm -q 软件包名 查询是否安装指定软件包<br>3.升级rpm -Uvh 软件包名<br>4.卸载rmp -e 软件包名</p>
<h4 id="统计文件个数"><a href="#统计文件个数" class="headerlink" title="统计文件个数"></a>统计文件个数</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ls -l|grep "^-"|wc -l</span><br><span class="line">scp -P 65432 /home/spider/spider-data/zip/* root@180.97.15.175:/data1/ftpbmj</span><br><span class="line">scp -P 65432 * root@180.97.15.175:/data1/ftpbmj</span><br><span class="line">/root/copy.sh /home/spider/spider-data/zip 65432 root 180.97.15.175 /data1/ftpbmj</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h4 id="其他"><a href="#其他" class="headerlink" title="其他"></a>其他</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ls -lh 查看文件大小</span><br><span class="line">ll -h</span><br><span class="line">du -h</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>


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